The branch of Haematology studies the organs that make up blood, such as blood and bone marrow, and blood-related disorders and diseases. The word “heme” comes from the Greek word for blood.

Haematological diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders with numerous clinical and laboratory findings that mimic non-haematological diseases. Therefore, a detailed clinical history and physical examination are important. Often, laboratory tests will be necessary to confirm the clinical diagnosis.

Haematological disorders can be classified into malignant and non-malignant (benign) blood disorders. Non-malignant blood disorders include haemoglobinopathies such as thalassemia and sickle cell anaemia, other types of anaemia and clotting disorders such as haemophilia.

Malignant blood disorders consist of disease subgroups called leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma. Lymphomas affecting the lymphatic system, subdivided into Hodgkin‘s and non-Hodgkin‘s lymphomas, are characterized by abnormal lymphocytes. Malignant haematological diseases can affect people of all ages. Malignant haematological disorders may occur due to a variety of factors, including genetics, lifestyle and environment.

Bibliography:

1. https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Hematology.aspx [July 2023]
2. https://www.academia.edu/208294/Introduction_to_hematology_Book_Chapter_ [July 2023]
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematology [July 2023]